Luxembourg’s carved out a spot as a key hub for space activities in Europe. Folks are showing more and more interest in space tourism development lately.
The country’s got a pretty friendly regulatory framework and is pouring investment into space tourism companies. Still, the market’s just getting off the ground.
About 60 companies and research facilities make up Luxembourg’s space sector. Around 800 people work across these space-related industries.
The government’s been backing the sector, helping Luxembourg become a big name in commercial space ventures. That’s no small feat for such a tiny country.
SES, founded back in 1985, stands out as Luxembourg’s oldest space company. They’re still a major player in satellite communications, and their know-how could help shape space tourism infrastructure.
OQ Technology popped up in 2016, focusing on satellite-based connectivity using small satellite constellations. They’re not directly in space tourism, but their tech supports the broader ecosystem.
Right now, the market has 4 manufacturers and 8 service providers tied to space tourism. Most of these companies are small, usually with 11-50 employees. The oldest of the bunch started in 1999, while the newest showed up in 2022.
Luxembourg’s Space Campus project is all about attracting international companies and top talent. It fits the country’s push to build a solid space ecosystem, both in Europe and globally.
Luxembourg’s space tourism market covers a lot: sub-orbital flights, orbital experiences, lunar tourism, and even space hotel ideas. It serves government, commercial, and private clients, using different sales channels like launch providers and partnerships.
The country’s location in Europe gives it access to high-net-worth individuals. Market segments target people with assets ranging from 20-40 million, 40-60 million, and even higher—so, for now, space tourism’s not for everyone.
Government initiatives keep pushing growth with good regulations and investment programs. Luxembourg was the first European country to legalize space resource ownership, which opens doors for companies interested in using resources during tourism missions.
The national space strategy highlights sustainability for both Earth and space. Space debris mitigation and traffic management get special attention, giving responsible companies a real edge.
Partnerships with the European Space Agency and local research institutions help companies build credibility and tap into technical expertise. That’s a big plus for anyone trying to break into space tourism.
Luxembourg’s space tourism industry faces some tough hurdles. High operational costs and complex tech requirements make things tricky.
Companies have to invest a lot up front and manage the risks that come with human spaceflight. It’s not for the faint of heart.
The regulatory framework serves up both chances and challenges. The law from December 2020 requires companies to get proper authorization and register with Luxembourg’s national space object registry.
Environmental issues are becoming more important. Companies need to deal with atmospheric effects and orbital debris while staying efficient. Those who go green could stand out from the crowd.
The market brings together big aerospace names and new startups, so competition is pretty diverse. Anyone looking to set up shop here needs to do their homework.
International competition keeps the pressure on. Companies in Luxembourg have to keep innovating and stay cost-effective, especially since the domestic market’s small and they need to look beyond their borders.
Finding skilled workers isn’t easy either. Space tourism requires specialized talent, and companies end up competing for the same people as they build up their technical teams.
Luxembourg’s built a solid legal structure that makes it a top pick in Europe for space tourism businesses. The country gives clear ownership rights for space resources, offers competitive tax breaks, and keeps licensing through the Luxembourg Space Agency pretty straightforward.
Luxembourg became the first European country to set legal rights for space resource extraction in 2017. The Law of 20 July 2017 gives private companies confidence that what they extract is actually theirs.
This law helps space tourism companies planning lunar or asteroid trips. Operators can legally own water, minerals, and gases they collect during commercial flights. The law doesn’t claim celestial bodies for the country, just the resources.
If you’re running a space tourism venture, you have to get authorization from Luxembourg’s ministers before launching resource extraction missions. Companies need to apply at least six months ahead of their planned launch.
The Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) manages the authorization process for space resource activities. Private operators get legal protection for their investments in mining tech and extraction gear.
Luxembourg hands out real tax advantages for space tourism operators. The Law of 15 December 2020 gives tax exemptions for insurance contracts covering registered space objects.
Companies can grab investment tax credits tailored for space object operators. These breaks help cut down operational costs for space tourism businesses based in Luxembourg.
The government set up a National Registry of Space Objects, which went public on January 1, 2021. Space tourism companies need to register their spacecraft with the LSA through this system.
Luxembourg’s signed onto key international treaties like the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the 1972 Liability Convention. That gives international space tourism operations some legal certainty.
The country joined the Registration Convention in 2021, which boosts its reputation as a serious space jurisdiction. Operators gain credibility just by being based here.
Space tourism companies have to get authorization from the Ministry of the Economy and the Luxembourg Space Agency before they start operating. The LSA takes care of authorization and keeps an eye on activities as they happen.
Operators must send in written applications at least six months before their planned spacecraft launches. If a company wants to transfer activities to someone else, it needs to apply three months before the switch.
The regulatory framework requires ongoing supervision of space tourism activities. This oversight protects operators and passengers and keeps Luxembourg in line with international treaties.
Luxembourg’s space law spells out liability management and risk assessment for commercial space activities. Tourism operators get clear instructions on insurance requirements and safety rules.
Companies must stick to registration rules for any space objects launched from Luxembourg. The LSA gives out specific forms for satellite and spacecraft registration.
The Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) acts as a catalyst in the commercial space sector. Instead of running missions, the agency zeroes in on business development and supports startups that could shape space tourism’s future.
The LSA started up in 2018 with a clear goal: build up business activities around space tech and commercial ventures. It doesn’t run research or operate missions directly, unlike most space agencies.
The agency carries out Luxembourg’s national space policy through four main pillars. These include building expertise in commercial space, encouraging entrepreneurial research, growing a skilled talent pool, and offering strategic funding for ventures.
Space tourism gets a boost from the LSA’s push for sustainable space practices. The agency stresses debris mitigation and traffic management, which is crucial for safe commercial flights.
Luxembourg’s space sector now contributes one of the highest percentages to national GDP in Europe. That’s a solid foundation for space tourism investment and infrastructure.
The LSA represents Luxembourg in big international organizations like the European Space Agency and United Nations space committees. This helps shape regulatory frameworks that support commercial space tourism.
The LSA gives real financial support to promising space technology ventures. The agency offers direct project funding, national R&D grants, and helps companies join European Space Agency programs.
Government backing includes a multi-million dollar space fund, set up with private and public investors. This fund targets space tech ventures that bring economic benefits to Luxembourg’s space ecosystem.
The agency connects startups with the University of Luxembourg and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology. These partnerships help space tourism companies tap into advanced research and specialized talent.
Luxembourg’s digital strategy features the Meluxina exascale computing project. This high-powered computing helps with space tourism applications and mission planning.
The LSA works hard to attract foreign companies and talent to the Space Campus. The idea is to create a hub where space tourism companies can collaborate and share resources.
Luxembourg’s built strong partnerships with major space agencies and countries to push its space tourism goals. The nation works closely with the European Space Agency and has signed key agreements with the United States and other space-faring nations.
Luxembourg became a full member of the European Space Agency in 2005. This membership gives the country access to advanced tech and research programs that support space tourism.
The Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) represents the country in ESA meetings and programs. Luxembourg ranks among ESA’s top five contributors per capita, which shows real commitment.
Through ESA, Luxembourg joins several major programs: telecommunications, navigation systems, Earth observation, and exploration missions. The country just renewed its collaboration agreement with ESA for another five years.
ESA’s 22 member countries pool resources to fund space projects. That lets Luxembourg access tech and expertise that’d be too expensive alone. The partnership helps local companies develop space tourism capabilities.
Luxembourg set up the world’s second legal framework for space resource rights, right after the United States. This law draws international space companies to base operations here.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson visited Luxembourg to sign a ten-year framework agreement. This deal boosts cooperation between the two countries in space exploration and commercial development.
The LSA takes part in the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. This group shapes international space law and encourages peaceful exploration. Luxembourg supports the SpaceResources.lu initiative through its UN activities.
Key partnership countries include:
Luxembourg’s built specific partnerships with space companies and research institutions. These agreements open up chances for joint projects and knowledge sharing in space tourism.
The country promotes partnerships between public agencies and private companies. This model lets new space tech develop faster than government programs alone could manage.
Luxembourg’s legal framework draws international space businesses. Companies can secure property rights for space resources under Luxembourg law, which encourages long-term investment in tourism infrastructure.
The LSA focuses on three main partnership areas:
These partnerships help Luxembourg punch above its weight in the space tourism market. The country’s small size means decisions happen fast and cooperation stays flexible.
Luxembourg’s built a pretty robust space infrastructure around its upcoming Space Campus and established research facilities. The country supports over 75 space businesses and research labs with specialized incubators and testing centers made for commercial space operations.
Luxembourg is making its biggest bet yet on space infrastructure with the Luxembourg Space Campus. The facility, set to open its doors in 2026, will become the home base for the Luxembourg Space Agency and host a range of commercial space ventures.
The main campus stretches over 7 hectares in Kockelscheuer’s ParcLuxite. Here, the focus lands on high-tech commercial activities and space business operations. Companies working on space tourism technologies can use custom-built facilities for developing and testing spacecraft.
Meanwhile, the research site covers 69 acres in Belval. This area brings together academic institutions like SnT and ESRIC for joint research projects. The two sites stay connected, even though each handles its own side of the space sector.
Key Features:
Luxembourg is home to several crucial research institutions that drive space tourism forward. The European Space Resources Innovation Center (ESRIC) leads the way in space resource utilization and sustainable activities.
SnT (Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust) digs deep into satellite communications and space systems. These institutions work hand-in-hand with commercial space companies to push technologies needed for civilian space travel.
The Luxembourg Space Agency brings these research efforts together. Over 1,200 people work in the space ecosystem, and these facilities form the backbone for space tourism ventures.
Teams here focus on space debris mitigation and traffic management. These research areas matter a lot for space tourism safety and the planning of commercial flights.
Luxembourg has set up specialized incubators for space startups, like Technoport. These hubs help new companies shape space tourism technologies and business models.
The Space Campus will soon feature a 3,000-square-meter test center. This place lets companies test satellites, rovers, and spacecraft components. For space tourism startups, having this kind of infrastructure is just essential.
Startups often get their start in traditional incubators but need more advanced facilities as they grow. The SES Space Hub helps a bit, but this new test center will offer much more comprehensive testing options.
Testing Capabilities:
This test center fills a real gap in Europe’s space infrastructure. Most companies just can’t afford such specialized testing on their own, so sharing resources here makes sense for everyone in the industry.
Luxembourg has become a magnet for major space companies shaping the commercial industry. The country is now home to both established satellite operators and up-and-coming space technology ventures.
SES is Luxembourg’s flagship space company and ranks among the world’s largest satellite operators. Since 1985, SES has run more than 70 satellites in geostationary and medium Earth orbits.
SES offers satellite communication services to broadcasters, telecom operators, and governments all over the globe. The company brings in billions each year and employs thousands worldwide.
Key SES Operations:
SES keeps its global headquarters in Luxembourg and operates satellite control centers on several continents. The company keeps expanding its satellite fleet to meet the growing need for high-speed internet and broadcast services.
Luxembourg’s business-friendly regulations and tax system gave SES room to grow into a major player. SES’s success put Luxembourg on the map as a serious space industry center.
Luxembourg draws in space tourism startups with strong government support and a friendly business environment. The Luxembourg Space Agency gives funding and resources to help new companies build space travel technologies.
Several startups are busy developing spacecraft components and passenger safety systems. Their work includes life support systems, new materials, and ways to improve the passenger experience.
Through the SpaceResources.lu initiative, the government encourages entrepreneurs to start space-focused businesses in Luxembourg. This program offers financial incentives and regulatory support to companies that qualify.
Startup Focus Areas:
Many of these startups team up with established aerospace companies and research institutions. These partnerships let smaller firms tap into technical know-how and manufacturing muscle they wouldn’t have on their own.
Luxembourg counts around 60 space companies and research organizations working across a range of technologies. These ventures develop everything from satellite components to equipment for space resource extraction.
You’ll find companies like Kleos Space working on satellite-based intelligence and monitoring. Others focus on asteroid mining and space manufacturing systems.
Luxembourg’s laws on space resource ownership have attracted companies interested in mining asteroids and the Moon. The country was the first in Europe to recognize private ownership of space resources.
Technology Development Areas:
International companies set up shop in Luxembourg to reach European markets and take advantage of the space-friendly regulations. The mix of government support and strategic location makes the country a real draw for space tech.
Research partnerships between companies and universities speed up technology development in areas like materials science and propulsion.
Luxembourg has carved out a leading spot in Europe for space mining laws and ISRU technology. The government set up legal frameworks that let private companies extract space resources, and it’s built partnerships with NASA and commercial ventures to keep the innovation flowing.
Back in August 2017, Luxembourg became the world’s second nation to create legal frameworks for space mining. The country’s parliament passed a law that lets private companies own materials they extract in space.
This law made Luxembourg Europe’s first jurisdiction to recognize ownership rights for space resources. Companies can get authorization for mining missions through a clear regulatory process.
The Luxembourg Space Agency has commissioned studies to estimate the economic potential of space resources. These reports look at future value chains and possible business opportunities in the sector.
Key Legal Benefits:
Luxembourg pushes for space resources discussions at the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The country advocates for international standards that make commercial space mining possible.
This legal setup draws space companies looking for regulatory certainty. It opens up economic opportunities and cements Luxembourg’s reputation as a hub for space resource ventures.
The Luxembourg Space Agency teams up with leading organizations to push ISRU processing systems forward. Recent partnerships focus on lunar ice extraction, processing, and storage—key for making space exploration sustainable.
OffWorld Europe signed a multi-year deal with the Luxembourg Space Agency in 2025. Together, they’re working on ISRU systems for extracting and using lunar resources.
The European Space Resources Innovation Centre (ESRIC) anchors Luxembourg’s research in space mining tech. ESRIC wants to become the go-to center for in-situ resource utilization expertise.
Current ISRU Projects:
NASA and Luxembourg collaborate on Moon to Mars goals, including mining assessments. Together, they’re figuring out what lunar and Martian resources future missions could actually use.
Luxembourg-based companies develop specialized services for space mining. These include mine planning, value chain optimization, and resource modeling with Lunar Ore Reserve Standards.
The country’s focus on ISRU technologies gives both government programs and commercial ventures a solid technical base for resource utilization.
Luxembourg has stepped up as a major player in lunar exploration, backing advanced rover technology and space resource development. The Tenacious micro rover, launched in January 2025 on a SpaceX Falcon 9, marked the country’s first direct leap into lunar missions.
ispace-EUROPE, based in Luxembourg, built the Resilience lunar lander for the HAKUTO-R Mission 2 program. This advanced spacecraft launched in January 2025 and carried Luxembourg’s first lunar rover.
The Resilience lander is a big step for private space exploration. Its lightweight build and pinpoint landing skills make it perfect for delivering small payloads to exact lunar spots.
Luxembourg’s hands-on role in this lunar lander project shows it’s serious about practical space exploration—not just theory. The mission aims for a June 2025 landing, which would make Luxembourg an active participant in lunar exploration.
Working together, Luxembourg engineers and international teams prove that even smaller nations can play a real part in big space projects.
ispace-EUROPE received a historic green light under Luxembourg’s 2017 Space Resources Law for lunar resource extraction. This groundbreaking approval means the company can legally prospect for materials on the Moon.
The Tenacious rover will handle resource mapping and analysis during its mission. Its instruments will hunt for water ice and rare minerals that future missions might extract.
Luxembourg’s legal approach to space resource ownership draws companies interested in lunar mining and in-situ resource use. The European Space Resources Innovation Centre (ESRIC) backs research into using Moon materials for building and fuel.
This prospecting work lays the groundwork for sustainable lunar operations that could one day support space tourism and permanent settlements.
Luxembourg keeps a close partnership with ispace Inc., the Japanese lunar exploration company with its European HQ in Luxembourg. This collaboration mixes Japanese engineering with Luxembourg’s supportive space regulations.
The HAKUTO-R program benefits from Luxembourg’s financial and regulatory backing. ispace-EUROPE receives national investment funds, making lunar infrastructure and prospecting technologies possible.
Government officials like Minister Lex Delles openly support these international space partnerships. The collaboration stretches across three continents and really shows Luxembourg’s ability to bring global space projects together.
This partnership model lets Luxembourg take part in ambitious lunar missions without having to build its own rockets—focusing instead on tech and infrastructure.
Luxembourg has built strong bridges between universities and space organizations to train the next generation of space professionals. Students can land internships with major space companies and get involved in public programs that showcase space technology developments.
The University of Luxembourg leads space research through departments focused on satellite communications and robotics. Students work on projects like autonomous vehicles and mission-critical software. The university teams up with the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) on materials science and Earth observation.
Seven European universities, including Luxembourg’s, participate in UNIVERSEH. This alliance, supported by Erasmus+, pushes education in space and New Space fields. Students get access to research opportunities in several countries.
The Luxembourg Space Agency works directly with university researchers on nearly 80 active space projects. These projects cover autonomous systems, orbital robotics, and small satellite design. Students contribute to real missions that keep Luxembourg’s space industry moving forward.
Luxembourg puts a lot of effort into space awareness by building partnerships between research institutions and government agencies. The Ministry of Higher Education and Research brings together activities from groups like the Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, and the University of Luxembourg.
Public events give people a chance to see the latest in space technology and research. The Luxembourg Space Agency just marked 20 years in the European Space Agency with a big public event.
Industry leaders, researchers, and government officials all came out to show off current projects. People got to see firsthand what’s happening in the Luxembourg space scene.
Science communication programs highlight Luxembourg’s space successes and future plans. These programs help connect citizens with ongoing research in satellite communications and space resource use.
Students in Luxembourg can land internships with three major space organizations. The Luxembourg Space Agency, European Space Resources Innovation Centre (ESRIC), and SES all offer hands-on experience.
These internships put students right in the middle of commercial space operations and satellite technology. It’s a unique way to get real-world skills.
International partnerships open up even more career options for graduates. Luxembourg teams up with NASA for joint science and technology projects.
Students often get involved in collaborative research that crosses borders and organizations. It’s not just local—it’s global.
Luxembourg’s space industry hires researchers from all kinds of backgrounds. Companies need people who know materials science, biological sciences, and data analytics.
You’ll find opportunities in both established companies and newer space startups.
Space tourism companies are under growing pressure to shrink their environmental impact by tackling debris management and switching to cleaner propulsion. It’s a big challenge, and with commercial space activity booming, there’s no time to waste.
Space debris is a real threat to sustainable space tourism. Every launch adds more junk in orbit, which can damage spacecraft and even put lives at risk.
Today’s commercial space companies track over 34,000 objects bigger than 10 centimeters in Earth’s orbit. These things zip around at over 17,000 miles per hour.
Even a small piece can destroy a spacecraft or cause a disaster. That’s not something anyone wants to risk.
Current Debris Management Strategies:
Space tourism operators coordinate with space traffic management before every flight. Companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin design their vehicles to cut down on debris.
They use controlled re-entry paths so components burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. The Federal Aviation Administration actually requires debris mitigation plans for every commercial launch.
Operators must show how they’ll avoid making new space junk during tourist flights.
Green propulsion systems are shaping the future of eco-friendly space tourism. Old-school rocket fuels pump out carbon emissions and toxic chemicals.
Virgin Galactic uses a hybrid rocket motor—rubber and nitrous oxide. It’s not perfect, but it releases fewer harmful emissions than typical rocket fuel.
Blue Origin’s New Shepard rocket burns liquid hydrogen and oxygen, which just makes water vapor as exhaust. That’s a step in the right direction.
Emerging Clean Technologies:
Reusable rockets make a huge difference for the environment. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 can fly multiple times, which means less manufacturing waste.
This approach slashes resource use and emissions compared to single-use rockets. Companies are pouring money into non-toxic fuel alternatives as well.
These new fuels get rid of nasty chemicals like hydrazine but still perform well. Lighter spacecraft materials also mean less fuel needed for every tourist flight.
Luxembourg’s space sector is gearing up to grab a big share of the economic value coming from space tourism. The government expects this industry to add a lot to the country’s GDP and grow fast over the next ten years.
Luxembourg’s space industry already employs over 1,400 people across 70 companies. Space tourism feels like a natural next step.
The 2023-2027 National Space Strategy puts economic sustainability front and center. This sets the stage for space tourism development as part of Luxembourg’s broader space plans.
Some forecasts say space tourism could account for 2-3% of national GDP by 2030. That’s a bold prediction, but Luxembourg has a history of transforming its economy.
Space tourism needs a lot of ground infrastructure. Luxembourg’s planned Space Campus will cover 6.5 hectares, with 100,000 square meters of facilities.
These projects create jobs in engineering, operations, and support. The ripple effect goes further than direct tourism revenue.
Every space tourist spends money on hotels, training, and other services. Luxembourg’s spot in Europe makes it a natural gateway for European space tourists.
Data from the Luxembourg Space Agency shows the Luxembourg Space Tourism Market is set to grow through 2031. This matches worldwide trends and more private investment.
Luxembourg’s legal framework gives it a real edge. The country was the first in Europe to legalize space resource ownership.
This regulatory leadership now extends to space tourism. Private companies are fueling much of the expected growth.
Luxembourg draws in space businesses with friendly regulations and government support. These companies may branch into tourism as the market matures.
International partnerships boost growth even more. Luxembourg’s work with ESA and other countries creates new opportunities for joint tourism ventures.
These partnerships help spread risk and open up bigger markets. Technology developments in Luxembourg’s space sector also support tourism.
Companies building satellite tech and space services can use those skills for tourism projects.
Luxembourg has built a strong space industry that draws commercial space companies and supports tourism. With its legal innovations and business-friendly vibe, the country offers unique chances for space travelers.
Luxembourg is home to several space companies, but you won’t find many direct tourist flights just yet. OQ Technology runs satellite services from Luxembourg, focusing on connectivity, not passengers.
SES, founded back in 1985, is probably the country’s flagship space company. They provide satellite communications infrastructure all over the world.
Most of Luxembourg’s space companies work on satellite services and technology, not passenger flights. The country acts as a European hub for space business rather than launching tourists.
If you want to fly to space from Europe, you’ll usually book with a company in another country. Luxembourg’s role is more about legal frameworks and financial services that support the broader space tourism industry.
The Luxembourg government kicked off its space initiative in February 2016 to attract commercial space ventures. They created financial incentives and research partnerships to build up the space economy.
The Luxembourg Space Agency coordinates activities, linking businesses with the University of Luxembourg and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology.
The government offers funding for both startups and established companies. This includes grants, tax incentives, and co-investment programs to bring in international space businesses.
Luxembourg also promotes itself as a place for space commercialization. The country connects academic research with business development, aiming to build a full ecosystem for space ventures.
Luxembourg became the first European country to legalize space resource ownership. This law lets companies own materials they extract from asteroids and other celestial bodies.
The space resources law, passed in 2017, gives commercial space operations legal certainty. Companies can invest in space mining and exploration with clear property rights.
Luxembourg’s legal framework covers satellite operations, telecommunications, and Earth observation. The laws create a stable environment for space business.
The country keeps developing regulations for new activities, including frameworks for space tourism safety, licensing, and operational standards.
Luxembourg follows European Space Agency safety standards for commercial space operations. These protocols line up with international best practices for passenger safety.
Space companies in Luxembourg have to meet strict licensing requirements. The Luxembourg Space Agency checks for safety compliance and operational standards.
Most companies here focus on satellite services, not passenger flights. Safety protocols for space tourism will become more concrete once tourist operations actually start.
Any company planning tourist flights from Luxembourg will need full safety certification. That means spacecraft testing, crew training, and emergency plans.
Luxembourg welcomes international participants in its space programs. The open business environment extends to space tourism.
Non-residents can use Luxembourg-based space services without needing citizenship. The country actively seeks international customers for its space industry.
Participants will still need valid travel documents to enter Luxembourg. Standard visa rules apply for visitors from outside the EU.
Luxembourg companies can serve customers from anywhere. The space industry is global, and Luxembourg wants to be an international hub.
Right now, you won’t find direct space tourism flights leaving from Luxembourg, so it’s tough to pin down exact prices. Most people pay anywhere from $250,000 up to a wild $55 million, depending on the type of experience they’re after.
If you’re looking at suborbital flights, expect to pay between $250,000 and $500,000 for a single ticket. Orbital missions? Those can cost several million dollars per seat, which is just staggering.
Luxembourg’s companies have mostly put their energy into satellite services and building out space infrastructure. No one here is offering passenger trips yet, but pricing will depend on whichever company jumps in first.
Don’t forget about the extra expenses. You’ll need to cover training programs, medical checks, and travel costs. If you’re serious about going, set aside time and money for weeks of prep beyond the flight cost.
